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.6.You pay me compliments in every other (377) word, at the same timeyou tax me with the foulest treachery.I would like you to rememberthat speaking the truth is one thing, speaking pleasantly another.7.The enemy now fled7 in opposite directions.Of the fugitives the greaterpart were slain, the rest threw down their arms8 and were taken prison-ers to a man.Few asked for quarter, none obtained it.1196.2240, Note 1.3Plural; so also for  toil,  danger,  office ; why? Latin uses abstract termsmuch less than English.(See 174.)4297.5Gerundive.6D¡nique = lastly; used often in enumerations.7Historic inf.(See 186.)8Abl.abs.QUISQUE, UTERQUE, SINGUL! , ETC.Exercise XLVIII BÐ Ð2198.We, most of us, came to a stand, looking silently at each other, andwondering which of us would be1 the first to speak.But Laelius and Iheld our peace, each waiting for the other.9.After raising2 two armies, they attack the enemy s camp with one; withthe other they guard the city.The former returned without success, anda sudden panic attacked the latter.EXERCISE XLVIII BPRONOUNSQuisque, Uterque, Singul¿, etc.373.Quisque is  each one, as distinct from omnis  every one. It isassociated particularly with relative, interrogative, and reflexive pro-nouns, with superlatives and comparatives, and with ordinal numerals;and it is generally placed after such words.Note 1. It is very rarely used in the plural in prose, but often stands in the sin-gular in apposition to a plural noun.(Cf.alius and alter, 371, iii, Note 2, and371, iv.)R«m§n¿ domum, cum su§ quisque praed§, redeunt.The Romans return home, each with his own booty.Note 2. It is sometimes emphasised by prefixing »nus: »nus quisque,  eachand every one.Note 3. In the neuter, the form quidque is substantival, quodque adjectival.374.In association with pronouns its use is simple, if its proper placein the sentence is remembered.M¿lit¡s, quem quisque v¿derat, truc¿d§bant.The soldiers would butcher whomever any of them saw.(193, Note 1.)N«n meum est statuere quid cuique d¡be§s.It is not for me (291, Note 2) to determine your debt to each.Suum cuique tribuit«.Give to every one his due.(Cf.354, i.)1173, Note 2, and 62.2Abl.abs.220Ð ÐExercise XLVIII B QUISQUE, UTERQUE, SINGUL! , ETC.375.It is used in agreement with superlative adjectives, almost alwaysin the singular,1 to express  all, or  every.Haec optimus2 quisque sentit.These are the views of all good men, or of every good man.Beware of writing bonus quisque, or optim¿ qu¿que.376.Latin frequently expresses the idea of proportion by using quisquewith a superlative as the subject and another superlative in the predicate.Optimum quidque r§rissimum est.Things (or all things) are rare in proportion to their excellence.Quisque with a superlative is also used in one of a pair of coordinatesentences connected by ut and ita, to express proportion:Ut quisque est sollertissimus, ita ferm¡ lab«ris est patientissimus.In proportion to a man s skill is, as a rule, his readiness to endure toil.(See497, a.)When qu« (quant«) and e« (tant«) are used to indicate proportionquisque is used with a comparative adjective or adverb:Qu« quisque est sollertior, e« est lab«ris patientior.377.Quisque is also used with ordinal numerals; qu¿nt« qu«que ann«, each fifth year = every five years ; decimus quisque,  every tenth man ;quotus quisque,  how few. (See 157, Note 4.)Pr¿mum quidque vide§mus.Let us look at each thing in turn, take each (in turn) as first.Pr¿m« qu«que tempore.At the earliest opportunity possible.378.(i) Uterque is  both, in the sense of  each of two, and denotestwo things or persons looked on separately.Propter utramque causam.For both reasons, i.e.for each of the two.Amb« is  both, but it is used of two individuals as forming one whole; both together. 31In the neuter the plural is occasionally used: fortissima quaeque c«nsiliat»tissima sunt,  the bravest plans are always the safest.2This phrase is generally used in a political sense:  all good patriots, all thewell-disposed.3For example, in an election in which there are three candidates, the victor whohas a bare majority has more votes quam uterque; if he has an absolute majority,he has more votes quam amb«.QUISQUE, UTERQUE, SINGUL! , ETC.Exercise XLVIII BÐ Ð221Qu¿ utrumque probat, amb«bus d¡bet »t¿.He who approves of each of these (separately) is bound to use them both(together).Note 1. Alter amb«ve is  one or both.Note 2. Uterque (like n¡m«) used with the genitive of pronouns; but in appo-sition to nouns.H«rum uterque,  each of these ; but f¿lius uterque.Compare: h«rumn¡m«, but n¡m« p¿ctor.Note 3. Uterque is used in Latin with interest, where we should use  thetwo.Quantum inter rem utramque intersit, vid¡s.You see the great difference between the two things.Note 4. Uterque can be used in the plural only where it denotes not two sin-gle things or persons, but each of two parties or classes already representedby a plural word.St§bant ¿nstr»ct¿ aci¡ R«m§n¿ Samn¿t¡sque; p§r utr¿sque pugnand¿ studium(each felt the same ardour for the fight).379.As uterque unites two and = »nus et alter, so uterv¿s anduterlibet disjoin them and = »nus vel alter,  whichever of the two youlike, i.e.excluding the other.(See 359, Note.)Uter is generally interrogative,  which of two? ; but it is also used asa relative  whichever of two. Different cases of uter are often used in thesame sentence.Uter utr¿ pl»s nocuerit, dubit«.I am doubtful which of the two injured the other most.380.Singuli (-ae, ~a) is only used in the plural, and has two main uses.(a) As a distributive numeral,  one apiece,  one each. (See 532.)Cum singul¿s vest¿ment¿s exeant.Let them go out each with one set of garments.Eius mod¿ homin¡s vix singul¿ singul¿s saecul¿s n§scuntur.Such men come into the world scarcely once in a century (one in eachcentury).(b) As opposed to »nivers¿,  the mass,  all, looked on as forming,one class, singul¿ denotes  individuals,  one by one.R«m§n«s singul«s d¿ligimus, »nivers«s §vers§mur.While we feel affection for individual Romans, we loathe the nation, or themas a nation.222Ð ÐExercise XLVIII B QUISQUE, UTERQUE, SINGUL! , ETC.Nec v¡r« »nivers« s«lum hominum gener¿, sed etiam singul¿s pr«v¿sum est.Nor is it only mankind in general (as a whole), but the individual that hasbeen cared for.381. A single person, where  single is emphatic, may be turned by»nus aliquis: ad »num aliquem r¡gnum d¡tul¡runt,  they offered the crownto a single person.  Not a single, = an emphatic  no one, is n¡ »nusquidem.Note Singul§ris is generally used of qualities, and denotes  rare,  remark-able.Exercise 48 B1.As a nation we praise the poet whom as individuals we neglected.2.All true patriots and wise men are on our side, and we would fain havethose whom we love and admire hold the same sentiments as ourselves.3.Men are valued by their countrymen in proportion1 to their public use-fulness.This man was at once a brave2 soldier and a consummatestatesman; for both reasons therefore he enjoyed the highest praise anddistinction.4.It is often the case that men are talkative and obstinate in exact3 propor-tion to their folly and inexperience.5.It is a hackneyed saying that all weak characters4 crave for differentthings at different times.6.It now seemed that the enemy would attack our camp at the first possi-ble opportunity, but that at the same time they were afraid of losingmany men.7.We are one by one deserting and abandoning the man who saved us all.8.All good patriots are, I believe, convinced of this,5 that it is quite impos-sible for us to effect anything by hesitation (94, 99), procrastination,and hanging back.I therefore feel sure that there is need of haste ratherthan of deliberation [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]