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.1 (Cambridge, Mass.: HarvardUniversity Press, 1986), pp.98 110, 127 36.2.John F.Benton,  Trotula, Women s Problems, and the Professionalization ofMedicine in the Middle Ages, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 59 (1985): 30 53;Monica Green,  Women s Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe,Signs 14 (1989): 434 73; Green,  Obstetrical and Gynecological Texts in Middle En-glish, Studies in the Age of Chaucer 14 (1992): 53 88.128 NOTES TO CHAPTER IV3.In general, Nancy G.Siraisi, Taddeo Alderotti and His Pupils: Two Generations ofItalian Medical Learning (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981).4.On Montpellier, see Luke E.Demaitre, Doctor Bernard de Gordon: Professor andPractitioner (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1980).5.The best general survey of medical education at medieval universities is NancyG.Siraisi,  Medical Education, in her Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: AnIntroduction to Knowledge and Practice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), pp.48 77.6.Pearl Kibre,  Arts and Medicine in the Universities of the Later Middle Ages, inThe Universities in the Late Middle Ages, ed.Jozef IJsewijn and Jacques Paquet (Louvain:Leuven University Press, 1978), p.223.7.Faye Marie Getz,  The Faculty of Medicine before 1500, in The History of theUniversity of Oxford, vol.2, Late Medieval Oxford, ed.Jeremy Catto and Ralph Evans(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), p.382.8.Fridolf Kudlien,  Medicine as a  Liberal Art and the Question of the Physician sIncome, Journal of the History of Medicine 31 (1976): 448 59.9.Darrel W.Amundsen and Gary B.Ferngren,  The Early Christian Tradition, inCaring and Curing: Health and Medicine in the Western Religious Traditions, ed.Ronald L.Numbers and Darrel W.Amundsen (New York: Macmillan, 1986), pp.40 64; OwseiTemkin, Hippocrates in a World of Pagans and Christians (Baltimore, Md.: The JohnsHopkins University Press, 1991).10.For medieval glosses on the meaning of this passage, see Gaines Post, KimonGiocarinis, and Richard Kay,  The Medieval Heritage of a Humanistic Ideal:  ScientiaDonum Dei Est, unde Vendi Non Potest,  Traditio 11 (1955): 195 234.11.Damian Riehl Leader, A History of the University of Cambridge, vol.1, The Universityto 1546 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p.203; Vern L.Bullough, The Mediaeval Medical School at Cambridge, Mediaeval Studies 24 (1962): 161 68.12.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, p.383.13.Ibid., pp.383, 385.14.See especially J.D.North,  Natural Philosophy in Late Medieval Oxford and Astronomy and Mathematics, in The History of the University of Oxford, vol.2, LateMedieval Oxford, ed.Jeremy Catto and Ralph Evans (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992),65 174; and Leader, Cambridge, p.204.15.The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, in The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed.F.N.Robinson, 2d ed.(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), p.21 (1.434).16.Pearl Kibre,  Lewis of Caerleon, Doctor of Medicine, Astronomer, and Mathe-matician (d.1494?), Isis 43 (1952): 100 108; Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, p.402n.109; C.H.Talbot,  Simon Bredon (c.1300 1372): Physician, Mathematician andAstronomer, British Journal for the History of Science 1 (1962 63): 19 30.17.Avicenna, Canon medicinae, bk.1, treatise 1.1, translated in A Source Book in Medi-eval Science, ed.Edward Grant (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974),pp.715 16; see also Saint Thomas Aquinas, The Division and Methods of the Sciences:Questions V and VI of His Commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius, 3d ed., trans.Ar-mand Maurer (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1963), pp.13 14(question 5, article 1, reply to 4).18.Leader, Cambridge, p.203.NOTES TO CHAPTER IV 12919.London, Wellcome Institute Library, MS 547, fol.105v, col.2:  Medicus estartifex sensibilis. See also Faye Marie Getz,  Charity, Translation, and the Languageof Medical Learning in Medieval England, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 64(1990): 15.20.On boys and girls education before and outside the university, see NicholasOrme, English Schools in the Middle Ages (London: Methuen, 1973), and Orme, Educa-tion and Society in Medieval and Renaissance England (London: The Hambledon Press,1989).21.James A.Weisheipl,  Curriculum of the Faculty of Arts at Oxford in the EarlyFourteenth Century, Mediaeval Studies 26 (1964): 143 85, is a clear study of the under-graduate s experience at universities modeled after Paris.See also Leader, Cambridge,and North,  Natural Philosophy.22.Leader, Cambridge, p.203.23.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, p.382.24.Ibid.25.Vern L.Bullough has noted of Oxford that many students seem to have studiedmedicine without taking a degree;  Medical Study at Mediaeval Oxford, Speculum 36(1961): 603 5.26.MPME, pp.53 54; MPME/S, p.258.27.MPME, pp.195 96; MPME/S, p.268.28.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, p.383; Leader, Cambridge, p.203.29.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, pp.381 82.30.Leader, Cambridge, p.202.31.For Cambridge s medical curriculum, see Leader, Cambridge, p.203.32.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, pp.383 84.33.Ibid., p.384.34.Rotuli parliamentorum, vol.4 (London, n.d.), p.158.35.Pearl Kibre,  The Faculty of Medicine at Paris, Charlatanism and UnlicensedMedical Practice in the Later Middle Ages, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 27 (1953):1 20.36.English physicians may have been impressed by Continental models as well.InFlorence, for instance, during the 1380s, educated Florentine physicians created acollege of doctors within the already established Guild of Doctors, Apothecaries, andGrocers; Katharine Park, Doctors and Medicine in Early Renaissance Florence (Princeton,N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985), pp.237 39.37.Calendar of Letter-Books Preserved among the Archives of the Corporation of the City ofLondon: Letter-Book K, ed.R.R.Sharpe (London, 1911), p.11.38.Michael T.Walton,  The Advisory Jury and Malpractice in 15th Century Lon-don: The Case of William Forest, Journal of the History of Medicine 40 (1985): 478 82.39.In general for the early Tudor period, see Francis Maddison, Margaret Pelling,and Charles Webster, Essays on the Life and Work of Thomas Linacre (Oxford: ClarendonPress, 1977); for the Stuart period, Harold J.Cook, The Decline of the Old Medical Regimein Stuart London (Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1986).40.For a study of the difficulty foreigners could have practicing medicine in Lon-don, see Harold J.Cook, Trials of an Ordinary Doctor: Joannes Groenevelt in Seventeenth-Century London (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).130 NOTES TO CHAPTER IV41.One clear survey of these developments is Bryce Lyon, A Constitutional and LegalHistory of Medieval England (New York: Harper and Row, 1960).42.An interesting example is Madeleine Pelner Cosman,  Medieval Medical Mal-practice: The Dicta and the Dockets, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2dser., 49 (1973): 22 47.43.Getz,  Faculty of Medicine, p.384; by comparison, see the advanced level ofcooperation between learned and crafts-based medical practitioners explored in Park,Doctors and Medicine in Early Renaissance Florence.44.In general, see Darrel W [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]