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., Writings of Washington, 36:362;Francis Corbin, Caroline County Personal Property and Land Book, 1799.35.Confession of Young s Gilbert, September 23, 1800, Executive Papers, NegroInsurrection; Unsigned letter to editor, September 13, 1800, in Virginia Herald(Fredericksburg), September 23, 1800; Philadelphia Map, 1802, Genealogical Re-search Aids Room, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Philadelphia City Direc-tory, 1795, pp.27, 35, 74; Nash,  Forging Freedom, 40.Whitridge briefly discussesthe German-speaking Fourth Regiment (Rochambeau, 78 79).36.Testimony of Prosser s Ben at trial of Prosser s Solomon, September 11, 1800,Executive Papers, Negro Insurrection; Confession of Prosser s Solomon, September15, 1800, Executive Communications, Letterbook; Spectator (New York), October 1,1800.37. An Act to Amend.the Act Concerning Slaves, Free Negroes, and Mulattoes,January 25, 1798, in Shepherd, ed., Statutes at Large, 2:77.38.Curtin, Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex, 166; James s BlackJacobins remains the classic work on the island revolt, but see also Ott s HaitianRevolution.Although many scholars spell the black leader s surname with anNotes to Pages 4145 199apostrophe, he spelled it Louverture.As a slave, he was typically called ToussaintBreda, after the plantation of his birth.39.Hunt, Haiti s Influence, 33; Virginia Herald (Fredericksburg), May 16, 1800.It was not until the preliminaries of peace were signed on October 1, 1801, thatBonaparte gave the word for the Leclerc expedition to sail for Saint Domingue; seeJames, Black Jacobins, 274.40.Norfolk Herald, January 25, 1800; Robert G.Harper to his constituents, March20, 1799, in Donnan, ed., Papers of Bayard, 2:90; Ott, Haitian Revolution, 54.41.Hickey,  America s Response, 365; Joseph W.Cox, Champion of SouthernFederalism, 144.42.Hunt, Haiti s Influence, 101; E.Foner, Nothing But Freedom, 41 42; MacLeod,Slavery, Race, and the American Revolution, 153 54.43.Bogger,  Slave and Free Black Community, 112 13; Weld, Travels throughNorth America, 1:175 76.44.Geggus, Slavery, War, and Revolution, 305; Berlin, Slaves without Mas-ters, 40; [Norfolk mayor] John Cowper to James Monroe, March 11, 1802, ExecutivePapers; James Monroe to John Cowper, March 17, 1802, Executive Letterbook; JamesMonroe to Brigadier General Mathews, March 17, 1802, Executive Letterbook.45.Unidentified newspaper clipping, William Palmer Scrapbook, 101; Scott,  Afro-American Slave Revolts, 10, 12.46.C.Wilson, Criminal History of Mankind, 477.47.As Hobsbawm and Rude have suggested,  Human beings do not react to thegoad of hunger and oppression by some automatic and standard response of revolt.What they do, or fail to do, depends on their situation among other human beings,on their environment, culture, tradition, and experience (Captain Swing, 56).48.On the gap between the artisans and laboring poor in northern cities, see E.Foner, Tom Paine, 52 53; Hobsbawm s discussion of urban crowd action in only aslightly different setting is found in his Primitive Rebels (111).49.Testimony of Prosser s Ben at trial of Prosser s Gabriel, October 6, 1800, Ex-ecutive Papers, Negro Insurrection; Unsigned letter to editor, September 13, 1800,in Virginia Herald (Fredericksburg), September 23, 1800; Confession of BenWoolfolk, September 17, 1800, Executive Papers, Negro Insurrection.The decisionto spare poor white women was based on class, not sexual, considerations and shouldnot be seen as supporting the traditional racist fantasy of black men lusting afterwhite women.Historians who have interpreted this comment in such a way includeHowison (History of Virginia, 2:390), Little (History of Richmond, 101), and Mor-gan (James Monroe, 228).50.James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson, April 22, 1800, in Aptheker, AmericanNegro Slave Revolts, 220, n.38.200 Notes to Pages 4649CHAPTER FOUR1.Confession of Prosser s Solomon, September 15,1800, Executive Letterbook;Testimony of Prosser s Ben at trial of Prosser s Solomon, September 11, 1800, Ex-ecutive Papers, Negro Insurrection; William Mosby to James Monroe, November 10,1800, in Journal of the Senate of Virginia, 26.2.See Rediker, Between the Devil and the Deep Elite Sea, 227 29, for a profile ofa conspiracy in a similar context.3.Unsigned letter to editor, September 20,1800, in Norfolk Herald, October 18,1800; Confession of Prosser s Solomon, September 15, 1800, Executive Letter-book;Testimony of Prosser s Ben at trial of Prosser s Gabriel, October 6, 1800, ExecutivePapers, Negro Insurrection; John Randolph to Joseph Nicholson, September 26, 1800,Nicholson Papers; Thompson,  Moral Economy of the English Crowd, 112.Mullincriticizes Gabriel s plan as being too complex and starting too far outside of the city(Flight and Rebellion, 151) [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]